It is also possible that a reduction in apex predator numbers could lead to an explosion in mesopredator populations, resulting in the possible extinction of local prey species. A 178-cm specimen of Ganges Shark was apparently mature and late fetuses or newborn specimens are 56 to 61 cm long. The Ganges shark is listed as the number one most endangered shark in the world, partly because poachers hunt the fish for its fin and jaws, according to F ox News. Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. The Ganges shark remains under-researched and with challenges that prevent deeper study about it. It is also one of the most heavily polluted water systems in the world and is regularly inundated with raw sewage, litter and industrial waste. The only true river shark in the world, this species is Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List) and largely known from museum specimens collected during the 19th century from the lower reaches of the Ganges … The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by US Bureau of Fishing Steamer ALBATROSS. Bull sharks get their name primarily from their short, rounded snout. Zool.Meded., 40(3):9-22, Garrick, J.A.F., 1967. The minute eyes of the Ganges shark, along with other Glyphis sharks, suggests that the entire group may be adapted to turbid water with poor visibility, as in large tropical rivers and muddy estuaries.Type material:Syntypes: A stuffed adult or late adolescent male about 1780 mm long in the Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universitat, Berlin apparently lost, and an alcohol-preserved specimen in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, MNHN 1144, 564 mm long. The Bull Shark is similar in size at 2.4 m (7.9 ft). Though they are protected under India's 1972 Wildlife Protection Act, Ganges sharks are still fished for meat and international trade. It is known to even dive to catch fish. Fossil shark teeth are often fairly common in the fossil record because sharks constantly replace their work teeth during their lifetime and they preserve well. However, unlike the bull shark, which has much stouter teeth, the Ganges shark has relatively long, sharp teeth that are much more suitable for impaling fish than dismembering mammalian species, making it unlikely that Ganges sharks would actually attack humans. The Ganges shark is one of the few river sharks. The life of sharks. Mongabay-India is a conservation and environment news and features service that aims to bring high quality, original reports from nature’s frontline in India. The famous Ganges River of India gave its name to the Ganges River Shark. The Ganges shark is a river shark believed to inhabit the Ganges and Hooghly rivers of West Bengal, India. The species is known exclusively from specimens captured in fresh water and there have been none found in marine or brackish environments. Its size at birth is 56 to 61 cm (22 to 24 in), growing to an estimated 178 cm (70 in) at maturity, with a maximum size of about 204 cm (80 in). Revision of sharks of genus Isurus with description of a new species (Galeoidea, Lamnidae).Proc.U.S.Natl.Mus., 118(3337):663-90. While Ganges sharks are thought to be violent, blood-thirsty man-eaters, the brutal attacks associated with the species are more likely the result of confusion with the much more common bull shark. Ganges sharks are normally between 55 and 60 cm (21.65 to 23.6 inches) long at birth. The Ganges shark is potentially dangerous because of its size and large teeth, but at present its relation to humans is a mystery, along with almost all other aspects of its biology. It has a whole series of different names that all refer to its geographical location such as the Zambezi, Nicaragua or Ganges River Shark. The Ganges river basin, which the species inhabits, is densely populated and home to more than 400 million people. Reaching up to 178 cm in length, the Ganges shark is typically characterised by a uniform grey or brown color and has no distinguishing markings of any kind. The hideous reputation of the true Ganges shark grew on the assumption that there was only one species of shark in fresh water in the Hooghly-Ganges system, which was responsible for the numerous attacks on people reported by Day (1878) and other writers. The size of an adult ranges from 57-78 cm and weighs between 5-16 kg. This species is a stocky shark with a snout that is broadly rounded and much shorter than the width of its mouth. The eyes are also exceptionally small and tilted, with nictitating eyelids that may be indicative of a physiological adaptation to living in largely turbid rivers with poor visibility. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. Although sharks are currently caught in the Ganges system (P.K. Its size at birth is 56 to 61 cm, growing to an estimated 178 cm at maturity, with a maximum size of about 204 cm.It is worth noting that the size at birth or maturity is unknown for any other Glyphisspecies. While many confuse this species with bull sharks (that often come to Ganga and then return back to salt water for reproducing), the Ganges shark lives and reproduces in Ganga. The presence of newborn individuals in the Hooghly River suggests that at least the young may be born in fresh water. One female specimen was recorded at Sassoon Docks in Mumbai, India in February 2016, measuring 266 cm total length. Read more: Bathing in Ganga during Kumbh may wash away sins, but what about diseases? Bull Shark bite size facts. It is also known as blackfin (Guam, Micronesia, Trinidad and Tobago), black-tipped (Papua New Guinea), small blacktip (Cuba, Leeward Islands), and spot-fin ground shark (UK). The name also refers to their pugnacious nature and a tendency to head-butt their prey as a … Average Size and Length: The Ganges shark is estimated 5.83 feet at maturity, with a maximum length of about 6.67 feet. Size, Age & Growth The maximum reported length of the bull shark is 400 cm (~13 ft) (Compagno et al. 2nd Floor, Sector 67,SAS Nagar Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. Its size at birth is 56 centimetres (22 in) to 61 centimetres (24 in), growing to an estimated 178 centimetres (70 in) at maturity, with a maximum size of about 204 centimetres (80 in). The presence of the bull shark (one of the most dangerousliving species) in the Hooghly and perhaps the Ganges along with readily available human prey and mammalian carrion suggests that with widespread confusion of this shark and C. leucas in India and elsewhere its bad reputation must be considered uncertain at best. Carcharias murrayi Günther, 1887.Other Scientific Names Recently in Use:Carcharhinus gangeticus (Müller and Henle, 1839)Eulamia gangetica (Müller and Henle, 1839)Platypodon gangeticus (Müller and Henle, 1839).FAO Names:Ganges shark [English]Requin du Ganges [French]Tiburón del Ganges [Spanish]CARCH Glyph 1 [FAO Code]. 3, no. They are a critically endangered species. It is also quite uncertain how well the Ganges shark is adapted to fresh water, or for that matter, how well it can live in sea water. Factor in overall declines in population size as a result of overfishing, poaching, habitat destruction, increases in river use, and pollution, and you have a species that is on the brink of extinction. However, unlike many other species of sharks, the Ganges shark is regarded as a true river shark and is only found within the middle and lower reaches of freshwater, inshore marine, and estuarine ecosystems. The Ganges River shark. Author: (Müller and Henle, 1839) Field Marks:A fairly stocky requiem shark with a broadly rounded short snout, preoral snout much shorter than mouth width but with a rather long preorbital snout, minute eyes, first dorsal origin over rear ends of pectoral bases, second dorsal rather large, about 1/2 height of first dorsal, upper teeth with high, broad, serrated triangular cusps, lower anterior teeth with long, hooked, protruding cusps having unserrated cutting edges not confined to spearlike tips and crown feet with low cusplets, no interdorsal ridge, upper precaudal pit longitudinal, no conspicuous markings.Diagnostic Features:First few anterior teeth in lower jaw with cutting edges along entire cusp, giving the cusps a clawlike shape, and low cusplets; second dorsal lower, about half the height of first dorsal.Geographical Distribution:Indo-West Pacific: Definitely known from the Hooghly River, Ganges system, West Bengal, India, and likely from the vicinity of Karachi, Pakistan (see remarks below).Habitat and Biology:A poorly known freshwater riverine and possibly inshore marine and estuarine shark. Carcharhinus leucas (Müller and Henle, 1839) or Zambezi shark, not to be confused with the bull shark (Carcharias taurus) because the "bull shark nomenclature" However, with the critical survey of carcharhinids begun in the early 1960s, most of the marine and freshwater records of the Ganges shark could not be substantiated and many were found to be based on Carcharhinus leucas, C. amboinensis and other species (see Garrick and Schultz, 1963; Boeseman, 1964; Garrick, 1967, 1982; Bass, D'Aubrey and Kistnasamy (1973). This is also incredibly unlikely given the species low population numbers. comm. However, the Ganges shark may eventually have to pass on much or all of its notoriety to the more prosaic but perhaps more dangerous and formidable bull shark. long and around 200 cm at the most. Bathing in Ganga during Kumbh may wash away sins, but what about diseases? Some teeth, due to predation activity, are chipped but this jaws is very good with Large Teeth. Additionally, there are no provisions within the act that protect the species against abrupt population crashes, making it critical that locals develop a better understanding off the species and its benefits to the local environment. Carcharhinus leucas (3) bull shark's Jaws cm 46x37 [X25071] - Bull Shark Jaws Carcharhinus leucas Extra Large cm 46 x 37. The species is one of the 6 known species of river shark, all of which are very rare and likely endangered [3, 5]. Mysterious Species of Ganges Shark Is Seen for First the in a Decade. Additionally, the relatively narrow habitat range of the species makes it even more susceptible. The Ganges Shark, Glyphis gangeticus, is a freshwater riverine, and possibly also inshore marine/estuarine, shark that is very poorly understood. ), it is not known how common the true Ganges shark is relative to the bull shark. Accordingly, local shark populations have been decimated by pollution, as well as harvesting of the species for meat, oil, and fins that are typically sold in local markets. Although their feeding habits are largely unknown, it is presumed, from their backward tilted eyes and slender teeth, that the species trawls for small marine fish and stingrays along the bottom of the river. It is from the requiem shark family. However, this migration is generally not considered to be for breeding purposes, since newborn individuals have been found in the Hooghly River, suggesting that female sharks actually give birth in freshwater. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. and L.P. Schultz, 1963. In Sharks and survival, edited by P.W. You can continue searching for Glyphis gangeticus on one of these Web sites: Fauna Europaea (animals) | IOPI (plants) | NCBI (genetic). The Speartooth River Shark is the largest of these species, as it can reach 2.6 m (8.5 ft). The teeth of the Ganges shark appear more suitable for fish-impaling and less useful for dismembering tough mammalian prey than the very stout teeth of the bull shark. Reaching up to 178 cm in length, the Ganges shark is typically characterised by a uniform grey or brown color and has no distinguishing markings of any kind. Talwar, pers. comm. Like many apex predators, Ganges sharks are thought to help regulate the size of prey populations and provide a level of ecological stability within the river’s larger ecosystem. Reaching up to 178 cm in length, the Ganges shark is typically characterised by a uniform grey or brown color and has no distinguishing markings of any kind. Size at birth or maturity is unknown for any other Glyphis species. The eyes are also exceptionally small and tilted, with nictitating eyelids that may be indicative of a physiological adaptation to living in largely turbid rivers with poor visibility. 13. Accessed 2020. Pondicherry Shark (Carcharhinus hemiodon) Habitat: Indo-Pacific; coastal waters and possibly the … Mailonline, Joe Pinkstone For. The Ganges shark is potentially dangerous because of its size and large teeth, but at present its relation to humans is a mystery, along with almost all other aspects of its biology. D'Aubrey and N. Kistnasamy, 1973. Notes on the fishes of western New Guinea. ), it is not known how common the true Ganges shark is relative to the bull shark. NOAA Tech.Rep.NMFS Circ., (445):194 p. Budker, P. and P. Whitehead, 1971. The Ganges Shark is a fresh water shark that is indigeneous to the Ganges river of India. 1. 5. Its maximum size is only about 6.7 feet. Typically found in the Ganga, Hooghly, Mahanadi, and Brahmaputra rivers of India, the distribution of the species recently expanded when, as the result of various genetic studies, the Borneo river shark (G. fowlerae) and the Irrawaddy river shark (G. siamensis) were reclassified as part of the Ganges shark species. Captiva Fishing Guide Report: Wednesday, December 2: Bull Shark, Catch & Release, Captain Joe’s Charters – the weather is great, no red tide and a lot of good fish have moved back into the gulf, bay, and passes: redfish, snook, seatrout, and sharks are currently present. Rai, Basant.
But most of the attacks attributed to it are probably the result of confusion with the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas. Bull.U.S.Natl.Mus., 100(13):879 p. Garrick, J.A.F. Indian and Shark aren’t necessary parallels unless you come across the Ganges Shark. All river sharks appear to be able to tolerate low to reduced salinity environments. The Bull Shark is everywhere you wouldn’t expect it! However, unlike the bull shark, the Ganges shark has two spineless dorsal fins (with the second being half the length of the first), an anal fin, and a broad, rounded snout that is significantly shorter than the width of the mouth. Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataSubphylum VertebrataSuperclass GnathostomataClass ChondrichthyesSubclass ElasmobranchiiSuperorder GaleomorphiiOrder CarcharhiniformesFamily CarcharhinidaeGenus GlyphisSpecies Glyphis gangeticus, Status in World Register of Marine SpeciesAccepted name: Glyphis gangeticus (M�ller & Henle, 1839), Scientific synonyms and common namesGlyphis gangeticus (Müller and Henle, 1839) Carcharias (Prionodon) gangeticus Müller and Henle, 1839, Syst.Beschr.Plagiost., (2):39, pl. In comparison with Carcharhinus leucas, Glyphis gangeticus has much narrower, higher, upper teeth and slender-cusped, less heavily built lower teeth. G. gangeticusis a little-known species that is yet to be adequately described. They may grow to a mature length of 200 cm (78.74 inches). Although Garrick (1982) had not examined specimens of leucas from the Indian subcontinent, the writer found leucas material from Cochin and Bombay as well as the Hooghly specimen.Thus there are two species of sharks in the Hooghly River, and, with the well-known affinities of C. leucas for fresh water, probably two Ganges River sharks as well. The species is also thought to travel by as much as 100 km in either direction of its place of birth. First, the species is an apex predator and as such, is characterised by generally low population sizes, as well as long gestation periods, delayed maturity, and small litter sizes. Lineaweaver and Backus (1970) and Ellis (1975, 1983) even considered the Ganges shark a synonym of Carcharhinus leucas, although Garrick (1982) recognized it as distinct.During a trip to India in 1982 the writer discovered an additional specimen of G. gangeticus in the fish collection of the Zoological Survey of India in Calcutta (ZSI 8067, 61 cm newborn female, misidentified as Carcharhinus temmincki), collected by Dr J. Anderson from the Hooghly River on 4 April 1867. G. gangeticus is a little-known species that is yet to be adequately described. Boston, D.C. Heath and Company, pp.3-60, Boeseman, M., 1964. Read more: India’s sharks and rays: An ancient species on the brink of extinction. It inhabits the River Hooghly in West Bengal, as well as the rivers Ganges, Brahmaputra, and the Mahanadi.It is amongst the 20 most threatened shark species and is listed as a Critically Endangered species in the IUCN Redlist. The specimen found in Mumbai … New York, Columbia University Press, 222 p. Bass, A.J., J.D. Most sharks in this family have pointed noses – in fact Carcharhinus means sharp nosed. The Ganges shark is potentially dangerous because of its size and large teeth, but at present its relation to humans is a mystery, along with almost all other aspects of its biology. Originally known only from the type locality, it was gradually recorded from the entire span of the Indo-West Pacific until Fowler (1941), in a masterpiece of compilation bearing little relationship to reality, recorded the species from Arabia and India to Borneo, Viet Nam, China, Japan, Australia, the Philippines, and Fiji and the Hawaiian Islands. The Ganges River Shark. So these are quite large creatures to encounter in a river, except they rarely let you see them. Because this species is part of the Carcharhinidae family of sharks, they are “requiem species” characterised as migratory, live-bearing sharks that live in warm waters, much like the more common tiger shark and grey reef shark. Fowler, H.W., 1941. The fresh-water shark of Jamoer Lake. Perhaps the one river shark that some might be familiar with is the Ganges River shark (Glyphis gangeticus), which inhabits the Hooghley and Ganges river systems of India. But with the lack of research, it is uncertain whether the protection of the Ganges shark under the Act has actually had any really impact on the species’ overall population size. Its population has been steadily decreasing due to over fishing, habitat degradation, increasing river utilisation, and building of dams. The eyes are also exceptionally small and tilted, with nictitating eyelids that may be indicative of a physiological adaptation to living in largely turbid rivers with poor visibility. The elusive Ganges river shark (Glyphis gangeticus) is listed as critically endangered, and has not been seen for more than ten years. Wetlands are the favorite habitats of the fishing cat. Gilbert, J.A.F. The blacktip sharkgets its name from its distinctive black markings on the tips of its fins. But unlike bull sharks, the Ganges shark is a true river shark and does not need salt water to survive. Probably viviparous. Also known as Carcharhinus Lecuas, it’s a stocky figure with a broad, flat snout. Garrick (1982) suggested that Carcharias murrayi is a possible synonym of this species, with whichthe writer concurs.The writer examined another specimen in the Zoological Survey collections labelled Squalus gangeticus (ZSI 10250, 65 cm newborn male) but bearing the same data (Hooghly River, collected by Dr J. Anderson, 4 April 1867) as the true gangeticus specimen; but this turned out to be the circumtropical bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas. 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